In this article, the authors present three alternatives to the traditional instructional approaches to Black history education at the elementary level: family stories/oral histories, counter-storytelling, and chronological overlaying. They provide a description of the Black Historical Consciousness framework, connect theories that fit within this framework to explain our pedagogical recommendations, and share instructional approaches.

The 1775 deposition from a militia commander at Lexington, featured in this article, can be used to spark student inquiry about why the American colonials decided to go to war.

The study of medieval guilds and their role in regulating trade provides opportunities for teaching key economic concepts in a historical context.

Two extreme positions that have long characterized outsider views of China--panda-hugger or dragon-slayer--have become increasingly untenable in the context of contemporary China.

Three activities described here engage the creativity of at-risk students by incorporating mini-camcorders into the study of the American Revolution, Civil War, and Post-Reconstruction.

Educators must become passionate about advocacy and urge local, state, and national legislators to help maintain and enhance citizenship education.